Leaders from three states along the shrinking Colorado River say they are ready to start taking less water from it. In a proposal announced Monday, users and policymakers in California, Arizona and Nevada committed to reducing their take of the river until the end of 2026, when an existing set of management rules expire.
The states have to conserve 3 million acre-feet of water over the span of three years, significantly less than the amount federal officials and scientists said were necessary to stabilize the Colorado River system.
At least $1.2 billion in funds from the Inflation Reduction Act will be used to incentivize conservation among the region鈥檚 farmers, cities and tribal nations.
Tom Buschatzke, director of the Arizona Department of Water Resources, said this new proposal doesn鈥檛 fix the river鈥檚 supply and demand imbalance, and hard decisions and conversations will continue.
鈥淏ut hopefully we鈥檙e going to discuss those issues now with a stabilized Colorado River system,鈥� Buschatzke said. 鈥淯nlike last summer when we were trying to discuss really tough issues with uncertainty about whether the system would crash into the mud.鈥�
Wet winter weather this year eased pressure on state leaders to negotiate deeper cutbacks. Lake Powell, the river鈥檚 second-largest reservoir, is expected to rise at least 50 feet in elevation by mid-summer.
鈥淭his is a short-term deal to build stability and to prepare us for 2026,鈥� Brenda Burman, general manager of the Central Arizona Project that delivers Colorado River water to farmers, cities and tribes throughout the state, said.
Last summer the situation on the Colorado River was much more dire. Its biggest reservoirs were threatening to dip low enough that they would lose the ability to generate hydroelectric power. In a Senate committee hearing in June 2022, Bureau of Reclamation commissioner Camille Calimlim Touton told lawmakers the agency鈥檚 models indicated the river鈥檚 users needed to conserve 2 to 4 million acre-feet per year to keep the river鈥檚 reservoirs from reaching critically low levels.
Federal officials began a process to make changes to the river鈥檚 current managing guidelines and put forth two options for how to enforce cutbacks among the state鈥檚 Lower Basin states -- California, Arizona and Nevada.
In response, state leaders returned to the negotiation table to craft their own alternative that federal officials would accept. Previous agreements, like the 2019 Drought Contingency Plans and the 2021 500-Plus plan, were billed as necessary measures to get the basin鈥檚 users through to 2026. Those agreements proved to be inadequate in imagining just how low the Colorado River鈥檚 reservoirs could drop.
鈥淲e鈥檝e now led ourselves here, to this last and final juncture here, with the Lower Basin Plan that under our modeling shows guarantee of protection from those critical elevations,鈥� said J.B. Hamby, chair of California鈥檚 Colorado River Board. 鈥淪o what this really does is provide a bridge to the next set of guidelines, and allows us the space and the stability to not put out dumpster fires.鈥�
The proposal now requires federal review before it is finalized. Lower Basin states plan to begin to implement their conservation commitments prior to a final decision from the federal government, Hamby said.
This story is part of ongoing coverage of the Colorado River, produced by KUNC and supported by the Walton Family Foundation.
