In the Midwest, crop agriculture often gets divided between the major commodities 鈥� corn, soybeans and wheat 鈥� and everything else. Diverting acres away from a major commodity to an un-tested crop is risky, but sometimes agronomics and market forces meet in a sweet spot and farmers can reap the benefits of innovation.
Sixth-generation Iowa farmer Andrew Pittz calls himself the Farmer in Chief at his family鈥檚 , where they grow aronia berries. He says theirs is the first commercial-scale aronia berry farm in the United States. (The dark, native fruit has the common name black chokeberry.)
Pittz says some years ago his father鈥檚 astute observations of the so-called superfruits, acai and goji berries, led to the aronia operation. The elder Pittz noticed that aronia berries were in many of the products made from superfruits and he wanted to capitalize on that fad.
鈥淢y dad said, `I think we can grow this here,鈥欌€� Pittz said. 鈥淸He] looked into it. There was no knowledge of growing the aronia berry.鈥�
But they found some plants and gave it a go. Now, planting the bushes and harvesting the fruit make up one critical part of the business. But, Pittz says, equally important is courting and nurturing the market.
鈥淲hen you鈥檙e doing something new you develop both simultaneously,鈥� Pittz said. 鈥淪o we鈥檝e been developing the best practices in agriculture as we鈥檝e been developing the best practices in the marketplace.鈥�
Pittz鈥� work has paid off. His berries are found in products sold nationwide from and salsa to health supplements. And now other are growing the fruit, too.
Another option for diversifying is to expand a crop currently grown on a small scale. Iowa State Extension horticulture professor Ajay Nair says the momentum for local foods across the region prompted him to consider whether the Midwest could grow more of its own sweet potatoes, a crop normally grown in California and the South. He鈥檚 found that it does grow well in Central Iowa. But he cautions against planting without adequate planning.
鈥淏efore growing it on a larger acreage, growers have to, first, identify their markets,鈥� Nair said. 鈥淏ecause if there is no market, there is no point. If the crop is a specialty crop or a commodity crop, if you can鈥檛 sell it, it doesn鈥檛 make any sense.鈥�
That鈥檚 why the vegetable that鈥檚 currently leaping from specialty niche crop to commercial scale is sweet corn. , the Minnesota frozen food giant, came south looking for growers last year.
Gary Paulson, ag manager at Birds Eye Foods, says the company needed sweet corn earlier than it could harvest up north. Field corn dominates in Iowa, so to get 600 acres of sweet corn, they offered central Iowa farmers some business incentives.
鈥淭hey like to know what their risk is and what types of guarantees that we have to offer them. So those are the sort of things that we鈥檙e prepared to talk about,鈥� said Paulson, who was back in Iowa meeting with farmers this month.
Greg Rinehart is one of the Boone County, Iowa, farmers who met with Birds Eye and last season he planted 55 acres of sweet corn, which Birds Eye sent its own crew and equipment down to harvest. Thanks to contracts that guaranteed prices and soil that yielded well, the experiment worked.
Rinehart displays a small sign in his dining room that says 鈥淧eas鈥� farm fresh.鈥� This year, he鈥檒l grow those for Birds Eye, too. The company wants 1,000 acres of peas and 2,000 acres of sweet corn in central Iowa this year.
鈥淭hey want early production of peas down our way before they start their pea picking up and around the Minnesota area,鈥� Rinehart said.
By guaranteeing both market and price, Birds Eye has little trouble attracting growers. That鈥檚 a common model and researchers at the in Scottsbluff hope to emulate it on the plains of western Nebraska鈥攂ut with a very different crop and market in mind.
鈥淔enugreek is primarily a crop of India,鈥� says professor Alexander Pavlista, who is a potato expert at the center. 鈥淚t is commonly used as a spice but it鈥檚 also a medicinal crop and that鈥檚 actually where it鈥檚 more important.鈥�
Pavlista and a colleague are studying fenugreek and introducing it to farmers with the hope of realizing a system that Pavlista calls 鈥渇arm to pharma.鈥�
鈥淲here we can go right from the farm right to the pharmaceuticals,鈥� he said. 鈥淪o it鈥檚 a vertical system.鈥�
Pavlista says it鈥檒l be three to five more years before farmers could be harvesting their first fenugreek crops. But he says both the University of Nebraska Medical Center and area farmers are interested.
With corn prices falling and more international competition for commodities like soybeans and wheat, the shrewd business owners on Midwestern farmland need to have innovation and change鈥攁nd maybe someday sweet potatoes or fenugreek鈥攊n their toolkits.
